HISTORY OF DIESEL ENGINE
The diesel engine is a type of internal combustion engines, more specifically, a trigger compression engine, where fuel is ignited by high temperature gas is compressed, and not by other energy equipment (such as spark plugs).
This machine was invented in 1892 by Rudolf Diesel, who received a patent on February 23, 1893. Diesel wanted a machine to be used with a variety of fuels including coal dust. He mempertunjukkannya the World Exposition (World Fair) in 1900 using peanut oil (see biodiesel). Then improved and perfected by Charles F. Kettering.
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF DIESEL ENGINE
When gas is compressed, its temperature increases (as stated by Justice Charles; diesel engines use this property to ignite the fuel. Air is drawn into the cylinder diesel engine and compressed by the rising piston, much higher compression ratio than using a spark machine. At the time of hit the top of the piston, diesel fuel is injected into the combustion chamber at high pressure through atomising nozzle, mixed with highly pressurized hot air. The resulting mixture ignites and burns rapidly.
This contained explosion causes the gas in the chamber to expand, driving the piston down with considerable force and creating power in the vertical direction. Connecting rod to channel this movement to the crankshaft is forced to rotate, brings energy expenditure at the end of the crankshaft rotates.
Scavenging (pushing cargo-gas that was burned out from the cylinder, and pulled into the ocean air) engine implemented by ports or valves. (See direct injection vs indirect injection for the types of fuel injection). To realize the capability of diesel engines, the use of a turbocharger to compress the intake air is necessary; intercooler to cool the intake air after compression by the turbocharger further increases efficiency.
Key components of the diesel engine is the governor, which limits engine speed to control fuel delivery. Electronically controlled engines achieve this through a sophisticated electronic control module (ECM) or electronic control unit (ECU) - which is the "computer" in the machine. ECM / ECU receives an engine speed signal from a sensor and using algorithms and looking for calibration tables stored in the ECM / ECU, it controls the amount of fuel and time through electronic or hydraulic actuators to maintain engine speed.
Diesel engines can not operate during the cold cylinder. Some machines use a small electronic heater called fire plugs in the cylinder to heat up the cylinder before ignition engine. Others use heaters "resistive grid" in the "intake manifold" to warm the inlet air until the engine reaches operating temperature. After operating the engine fuel combustion in the cylinder with the effective heat machines.
In very cold weather, diesel fuel thickens and increases in viscosity and form crystals or gel candles. This can complicate the fuel pump to deliver fuel into the cylinder in an effective, making ignition engine in cold weather becomes difficult, despite the increase in diesel fuel Bahn has made this difficult to be very rare. The common way is to heat the fuel filter and fuel lines electronically.
DIESEL ENGINE CONFIGURATION
There are two classes of diesel engines: two-stroke and four-stroke. many large diesel engines operate in two-stroke cycle. Smaller engines generally use a four-stroke cycle.
Typically a collection cylinders used in multiples of two, although any number of cylinders can be used for cargo in the crankshaft in the trade-balance to prevent excessive vibration. Inline-6 most widely produced in a medium-duty engines to heavy-duty, although the V8 and straight-4 is also widely produced.
STRENGTHS & LACK OF DIESEL ENGINE
Diesel engines greater than gasoline engines with the same energy as heavy construction needed to survive in the high pressure combustion to ignition. And also made with the same qualities that make fans get a big power peninkatan using turbocharged engine is a modification of a relatively easy and inexpensive. Gasoline engine with the same size can not exclude power comparable because the components in it are not able to withstand high pressures, and makes diesel engines candidate for a low cost engine modifications.
The drawback lies only with noise is also on the weight and dimensions are 2x more heavy & big dr gasoline engine, diesel engine components due to the robust design to withstand high compression, as well as the acceleration is slow but can be fixed through the addition of supercharger Turbo ato
Addition of a turbocharger or supercharger to the engine to increase fuel economy and power. High compression ratio makes more efficient diesel engines from the engine using gasoline. Improved fuel economy also means that diesel engines produce less carbon dioxide.
COMMON RAIL DIESEL TECHNOLOGY (MODERN DIESEL)
Technology "Common Rail" like god for modern diesel engines. With common rail, diesel engine into an exclusive class cars or premium cars such as Jaguar and BMW 7 Series. City car was not immune from the temptation of diesel engines with the latest technology.
For example, Fiat has managed to make a 1300 cc diesel engine-powered 70 hp with fuel consumption or average 3-4 liter/100 km 25 km / liter. So the diesel engine is no longer the only community-owned large-sized trucks and buses or heavy equipment and boats.
In Indonesia there have been several car manufacturers are also selling vehicles with common rail diesel engine. Starting from the double cab until medium minivan, like Kijang Innova. Unfortunately, consumers are common rail diesel engined vehicles having difficulty in obtaining fuel in accordance with the standards set by the manufacturer.
The reason, Pertadex currently only marketed by Pertamina, the more difficult to obtain. In addition, the most expensive price compared to other fuels. While in Germany, the modern diesel fuel under the best gasoline prices.
For this reason, consumers are willing to spend more to get a diesel-engined vehicles. Because, after two years, they will regain its economic value compared to vehicles powered by gasoline.
VS DIESEL GASOLINE
Before you explore the common rail, we discuss first on the machine in general use today are based on fuel oil. For this, there are only two types, namely gasoline and diesel or we call it solar.
Among those techniques, diesel engine known as CI (compression ignition) or engine with compression ignition. While the gasoline engine is called SI (spark ignition) engine with spark ignition (spark plugs).
In diesel engines, combustion is triggered by compressed air or compressed in the cylinder. As a result of compression, the air pressure becomes very high. So is the temperature, reaching a point of diesel fuel. Because of that, so diesel fuel is sprayed into the air, it immediately caught fire. In this way, diesel engines do not require ignition system or sparks.
To get that high-pressure, compression ratio should be high. For diesel engines, ranging from 16-25: 1. While the gasoline engine 6-12: 1. Comparison of compression determines the efficiency of work machine. The higher the compression ratio, more efficient a machine. Even so, the compression ratio can not be determined just like that. Should also consider the nature and quality of fuel that will be used
DIESEL COMMON RAIL DIESEL VS CONVENTIONAL
The difference between modern diesel engines, common rail is the way to the conventional fuel supply. Especially, the components that lie between injection pumps and injectors. There are two main components here, the injection pump or mechanical pump and lay people call this Bosch injector.
Schematic of Conventional Diesel fuel system
Scheme of the Common Rail Diesel Fuel
How it works just like common rail like the concept of living together. In this case, all charged with supplying diesel fuel injector directly into the machine, using a single container or rail from the same Injector Pump. The way the same as those used in gasoline injection system. While conventional diesel engines, each injector has its own supply of diesel fuel directly from the injection pump. (See scheme)
Fuel pressure in rail is very high. Now, the common rail the 3rd generation, tekananya has reached 1800 bar. If converted to PSI which is still used today to 26,100 PSI. Compare with tire pressure 30 PSI. Or LPG cylinder CNG 25 bar and 200 bar. With such high pressure, resulting carburetion of course the better. Produced combustion engines become more and work more efficiently. That's Why machinery Common Rail Diesel Direct Injection macem Ford Ranger / Nissan Navara / Chevrolet Captiva VCDi more noticeable lack of black smoke than Diesel engine Jadul
In accordance with the development of Diesel engines, mngembangkan Experts of the most advanced system on the Diesel engine that is known for its CRDi (Common Rail Direct Injection) technology has been used by the Chevrolet Captiva Diesel CRDi / VCDi with engine capacity of 2000cc 16-valve inline power spew 150 Horse Power at 4000 propeller rpm with max torque of 320 Nm at 2000 rpm propeller Wow! fantastic! great power, but efficient.
Compare with the version of the 2400cc petrol engine, 16-valve inline 142 workers who spew Horse Power on propeller 5.200 rpm and a maximum torque of 220Nm at 4.000 rpm rotation.
